Wisconsin supreme court term limits
Located in the state capitol, the Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction over all Wisconsin courts and has discretion to determine which cases it will review. The nine junior Justices would comprise the “deciding” portion of the Court. Wisconsin Supreme Court Confirms Time Limit on Governor's Emergency Powers. Mandela Barnes now supports imposing term limits on U. The current chief of the court is Patricia Guerrero . Supreme Court. This article covers how state court judges are selected in Wisconsin, including: Wisconsin Supreme Court, Wisconsin Court of Appeals, Limited jurisdiction courts; As of April 2023, the selection of state court judges in Wisconsin occurred through nonpartisan elections. Those who oppose the enacting term limits make three primary arguments: Term limits would threaten the Court’s stability and independence. The Wisconsin Constitution limits justices to running one at a time. Wisconsin Supreme Court Justice Ann Walsh Bradley announced Thursday morning she won’t be running for a fourth 10-year term on the bench. Oct 13, 2023 · The debate on term limits for Supreme Court justices extends beyond theoretical discussions. Apr 4, 2023 · Her election to a 10-year term for an officially nonpartisan seat gives Wisconsin’s liberals a 4-to-3 majority on the court, which has been controlled by conservatives since 2008. Rep. As the court opens the 2023-24 term this month, we look back at the 45 substantive decisions issued in the 2022-23 term and ask a civil litigator and a former public defender for their insights. Supreme Court justices and would consider court expansion despite not specifying his support for either in May and instead saying he supports court “reform. And that’s a big responsibility and there ought to be want-end-lifetime-supreme-court-appointments-2021-04-18/; see generally Adam Chilton et al. M arch 7, 2014 – In the March issue of Wisconsin Lawyer, now available online and in mailboxes soon, you’ll learn about a proposal to limit the terms of Wisconsin Supreme Court justices to one, 16-year term, known as the “The Wisconsin Plan. Thornton, 514 U. Term limits proposals would If it does not, or certification is not accepted, the supremacy clause of the U. The legislation would also guarantee a sitting president two appointments to the Court for every four-year term they serve, giving them the chance to nominate a justice Call Congress: Demand Supreme Court Term Limits. Conservative Chief Justice Annette Ziegler asked twice for a copy of the correct version. 13 At the time, it was an accurate description. Nov 18, 2021 · Nov. By Jamelle Bouie | New York Times. NaN. Term limits are unconstitutional. Wade last year, abortion providers in Wisconsin immediately ceased all abortion services, citing a state law first enacted in 1849. Ron Johnson (R-WI), Mar. A. jurisprudence—a position bolstered by the fact that many justices have voluntarily retired after a similar period of Apr 7, 2023 · About Rebecca Grassl Bradley. Apr 4, 2018 · Rebecca Dallet wins 10-year term on Wisconsin Supreme Court. 809. Supreme Court precedent on matters of federal law, although it means deviating from a conflicting decision of the state supreme court. Term Limits Phone: (321) 345-7455 stillman@termlimits. MILWAUKEE — The commanding victory on Tuesday by a liberal candidate in a pivotal race for the Wisconsin Supreme Court showed the enduring power of abortion rights and issues of MADISON, Wis. At the end of the term, the Justice would take senior status. As your constituent, I’m asking you to rein in the Court by enacting term limits by statute for Supreme Court justices. The other two branches, Congress and the Supreme Court have no such limits. The primary is February 18, 2025. 19 (2) (b) be created to require that appellant's counsel certify compliance with Wis. Scott Walker in 2015 and was elected in 2016, defeating Court of Appeals Judge Joanne In the 31 states with term limits that held state executive elections in 2018, incumbents in 18 of the states had some incumbents who were term-limited. Experts [2] Events [3] Press [4] Take Action [5] About Us [6] Ask Congress To Enact Term Limits for Supreme Court Justices. " Southern California Law Review 95. The 4-3 conservative majority on the state's high court ruled the initial emergency order issued by Gov. Chilton, Adam, Daniel Epps, Kyle Rozema, and Maya Sen. It will be the intention to make TLTC the leader in public efforts to Apr 11, 2023 · Germany allows its federal judges to serve only 12 years. 1 (May 2021): 1-72. 2 Brennan Center for Justice Supreme Court Term Limits An Increasingly Unaccountable Court In Federalist 78, Alexander Hamilton famously described the Supreme Court as the “least dangerous branch” of government. Senate candidate and Lt. ” 12 The Constitution gives Congress wide latitude to determine the Supreme Court’s structure and responsi-bilities. Justice Rebecca Bradley, 51, was appointed to the Supreme Court by Gov. The petition shall be served on each party and proposed respondent by traditional methods as provided in s. Gov. Sep 11, 2023 · The Wisconsin Supreme Court issued fewer 4-3 decisions but decided major issues during the 2022-23 term. 70 Rule (Original action). Janet Protasiewicz, a judge on the Milwaukee County Circuit Court, has won a seat on the Wisconsin Supreme Court, NBC News projects, giving liberals their first majority on the . Specifically, the bill requires the President to appoint a Supreme Court Justice every two years. Supreme Court ruled 5–4 in U. Democratic U. Security fencing around the Supreme Court on July 17. The Supreme Court also may hear original actions—cases that have not been heard previously in Jan 18, 2024 · (1995), where, by a 5to--4 vote, the Court prohibited States from placing term limits on their members of Congress. The court decided a number of significant Aug 31, 2021 · Shown Here: Introduced in House (08/31/2021) Supreme Court Term Limits and Regular Appointments Act of 2021. Oct 7, 2022 · With the Michigan Supreme Court scheduled to begin hearing oral arguments for the 2022-2023 term on October 12, and with two seats on the Court up for election in November—one currently held by a Democratic-nominated Justice and one held by a Republican-nominated Justice—this explainer reflects on some of the significant decisions from the Dec 6, 2023 · The Wisconsin State Assembly passed a bill Nov. Recent ethics scandals highlight the justices’ lack of accountability. With term limits, justices would often leave the court in their 60s or 70s, several years before many retire and on pace with the age of many sitting politicians at the state and federal levels. Nov 24, 2022 · Jamelle Bouie: The case for Supreme Court term limits just got better. It would take 18 years for all 9 justice positions to be Jul 6, 2022 · The Supreme Court Term Limits and Regular Appointments Act would create an 18-year term limit for justices appointed after the law is enacted. R. Apr 11, 2024 · By Patrick Marley. W. Sep 29, 2020 · Supreme Court Term Limits and Regular Appointments Act of 2020. Arguments against term limits. Jun 30, 2023 · (a) In general. We need term limits that start to bite much sooner — after 12 years. See all topics. In September, Planned Parenthood of Wisconsin resumed abortion services after a Dane County judge ruled that the pre-Civil War law governs feticide rather than Oct 10, 2023 · The Wisconsin Supreme Court chambers. There are no term limits for justices. (Getty/Chip Somodevilla) “I do think that if there were a long term—I 809. State v. The bill was introduced by Rep. Fix the Court has proposed 18-year term limits that give the president the power to appoint 1 Supreme Court justice every 2 years, or 2 per term. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, oral arguments were held by video. WEC, 2022 WI 64 (July 8, 2022), the supreme court also held that Wisconsin statutes require voters to either mail or personally return ballots to a municipal clerk’s office or a designated Nov 30, 2023 · Sen. 19 (2) (a) (as renumbered by this order), that requires an appellant's brief include an appendix and sets forth the contents of the appendix. com Sarah Keyeski Pledges to Support Congressional Term Limits Markesan, WI – U. ) would create 18-year term limits for Supreme Court justices Apr 5, 2023 · April 5, 2023. 3 Center for American Progress | The Need for Supreme Court Term Limits. The term of one Wisconsin Supreme Court justice will expire on July 31, 2025. Cory Tomczyk (R-Mosinee) and passed the Assembly by a vote of 53–44 with two abstentions. Its mission Jul 27, 2022 · The Supreme Court Tenure Establishment and Retirement Modernization Act (Term), would establish 18-year terms for supreme court justices and establish a process for the president to appoint a new Apr 1, 2021 · Article III of the Constitution provides that judges serve “during good behavior,” which has been interpreted to mean that Supreme Court justices serve for life. (Katie Barlow) In a year of historic moments at and around the Supreme Court, proposals to establish term limits for justices are increasingly in the spotlight. Jul 20, 2023 · The expansion vs. Judge Rebecca Dallet with her daughters Rachel, left, and Ellie, right, and husband, Brad, as they celebrate in Milwaukee on Tuesday. , Designing Supreme Court Term Limits, forthcoming, Southern California Law Review, available at The Court of Appeals requests that Wis. They threw out 23 states’ term limits laws in one day. Rosen explained while there were arguments for term limits, “it would require a constitutional amendment. This has been quite a time for anniversaries: the 50th of the 1964 Civil Rights Act Mar 12, 2021 · “Most significantly, the Supreme Court had extreme ideological imbalance for 60% of the time since President Franklin Roosevelt’s effort to pack the court (in 1937), but any of the major term-limit proposals would have reduced the amount of time with extreme imbalance by almost half,” the authors wrote. MADISON, Wis. In its first decade, the Supreme Court heard Apr 11, 2024 · Dozens of organizations have come together in support of legislation that would place limits on how long a Supreme Court justice can serve, restricting their tenure to 18 years. Jun 7, 2010 · Court sets limits of practice. Nik Rettinger, R-Mukwonago, and Sen. With a sky-high life expectancy for today's American citizen, the Court has also Dec 6, 2023 · When the United States Supreme Court overturned Roe v. term limits argument isn’t new. m. (AP) — Wisconsin would become the fifth state to call for a convention of the states to amend the U. (Henry Redman | Wisconsin Examiner) The Wisconsin Supreme Court voted Monday to reduce the amount of time some eviction records are publicly available on the state court website from 20 years to two years. Jeff M. In its first public administrative conference in more than a decade, the court’s four liberals voted Apr 11, 2024 · CC BY-ND 2. ”. Justices are chosen in nonpartisan statewide elections to serve for ten-year terms. The justices elect one of themselves to be the chief justice (administrative head of the court system Nov 22, 2022 · The Case for Supreme Court Term Limits Just Got a Lot Better. — The longest-serving member of the Wisconsin Supreme Court’s 4-3 liberal majority announced Thursday she would not run for reelection next spring, shaking up a consequential Jun 30, 2022. ) and Rashida Tlaib (D-Mich. Judge Schlipper cited a 1994 Wisconsin Supreme Court decision. Indeed, on July 25, 2022, Apr 27, 2021 · Supreme Court term limits would create a permanent revolving door for the highest Court. v. Dec 9, 2021 · A. In his announcement, he said he hadn’t thought much Apr 5, 2023 · By Adam Edelman. Nik Rettinger (R-Mukwonago) and co-sponsored by Sen. The Court decided, in a 5-4 split decision, that citizens are not allowed to term limit their own members of Congress using state laws. The plan, approved by the State Bar of Wisconsin’s Board of Governors, requires a Aug 3, 2020 · The statue Contemplation of Justice stands on the steps of the U. Wisconsin. This helps insulate the justices from political pressures, but it also results in unpredictable deaths and strategic retirements Jun 27, 2022 · Chief Justice John Roberts suggested that a 15-year term limit would be reasonable, and would prevent the justices from settling into a cushy role and becoming out of touch with regular folks. Since the Founding, Supreme Court justices have enjoyed life tenure. We must use our voices Jun 20, 2023 · Supreme Court, which was created by President Joe Biden to evaluate options for Supreme Court reform, described term limits as enjoying “considerable, bipar-tisan support. § (Rule) 809. That ruling prevents congressional term limits—which USTL had helped enact and defend in twenty-three States—from taking effect. Mar 29, 2023 · After another representative breaks personal pledge, US must seriously consider Congressional term limits. — Chapter 1 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: “ § 7. Read how the task force arrived a Jun 23, 2010 · Wisconsin Supreme Court expands reach of insurance doctrine of bad faith. Supreme Court ruling went further to say that even if members of Congress managed to impose term limits on themselves, it could be ruled unconstitutional. As of January 2023, six judges on the court were appointed by Democratic governors and one judge was appointed by a Republican governor. A poll this summer found that two in three Americans support limiting how long justices can serve. Scott Walker in 2015. 1. 80 (2). The Wisconsin Supreme Court, composed of seven justices, is the state's highest court. 18, 2021. The proposals vary, but the best loved seems to be for staggered 18-year terms. Term Limits (USTL), the leader in the national, non-partisan movement to limit terms for elected officials, is gathering support from state lawmakers across the nation. Mar 7, 2014 · A. "Designing Supreme Court Term Limits. (1) A person may request the supreme court to take jurisdiction of an original action by filing a petition which may be supported by a memorandum. 9 that would set an age limit of 75 for state Supreme Court justices, according to the Wisconsin State Legislature. — The longest-serving member of the Wisconsin Supreme Court’s 4-3 liberal majority announced Thursday she would not run for reelection next year, shaking up a consequential race Sep 26, 2022 · This 18-year term length is shorter than the current average of about 25 to 26 years for justices who have left the Court since 1970, but term limits are in part designed to encourage turnover Sep 21, 2023 · Providers across Wisconsin stopped offering the procedure in June of 2022, when the U. 95 at the Wisconsin Historical Museum Store (external link) or by calling (800) 621-2736. "Portraits of Justice: The Wisconsin Supreme Court's First 150 Years" (second edition printable PDF) Feb 9, 2024 · Democracy champions in Congress have introduced legislation that would enact 18-year term limits for justices and make the Court more representative of the American people. Mar 31, 2023 · Wisconsin Supreme Court justices serve a 10-year term. Term Limits, Inc. | UPDATED: November 24, 2022 at 8:27 p. For immediate release December 3, 2023 Contact: Scott Tillman, U. This bill establishes staggered, 18-year terms for Supreme Court Justices and limits the Senate's advice and consent authority in relation to the appointment of Justices. In two clicks, send a pre-written email to your lawmakers today and urge them to support legislation to implement Supreme Court term limits. 779 (1995), that states cannot impose term limits upon their federal representatives or senators. March 3, U. Jul 28, 2022 · Wade, nearly two-thirds of Americans want fundamental court reform, specifically term limits for Supreme Court justices. Supreme Court struck down Roe v. S. Main article: Wisconsin Supreme Court elections, 2025. In the 2023 Wisconsin Supreme Court election, the race has gained significant attention and is expected to be one of the most expensive and closely watched races in the country. Judicial term limits are a tool The length of terms of state supreme court justices refers to the period of time justices hold office before they must either be re-elected or otherwise re-appointed to a subsequent term. Apr 5, 2023 · Judge Janet Protasiewicz delivers her victory speech after winning a seat on the Wisconsin Supreme Court on Tuesday, April 4, 2023, in Milwaukee, Wis. Forty-six states and the District of Columbia have terms for supreme court justices. 2021. 1 The court also issued decisions in disciplinary, licensing, and bar admission matters. Oct 29, 2023 · A 1995 U. Lawmakers in the Senate and the House have introduced Brennan Center-endorsed legislation that would implement 18-year term limits for Supreme Court justices. He added that a higher Court turnover would be a welcome change, too. The seat is up for nonpartisan election on April 1, 2025. Ro Khanna (D-Calif. This should be a no-brainer. ), Barbara Lee (D-Calif. July 11, 2022 – Wisconsin law does not authorize the use of ballot drop boxes, the Wisconsin Supreme Court has ruled in a 4-3 decision. The most striking detail in the recent investigation by The New York Times into another potential Supreme Court breach is not the Dec 31, 2021 · Eighteen years is too long to address the crisis in Supreme Court functioning and legitimacy. On June 1, the state Supreme Court unanimously adopted an amended version of the State Bar of Wisconsin’s petition which details the rights of a licensed attorney to Sep 6, 2021 · H. Jun 20, 2014 · Ah, actuarial tables. In May 1995, the U. EDT. Suzanna Sherry (Vanderbilt University) A popular proposal to limit the term of Supreme Court justices to 18 years, with the most senior justice rotating off the court every Jul 30, 2021 · The highly politicized nature of the Supreme Court has led both conservative and liberal advocates to encourage Supreme Court term limits. In October 2023, the Academy released the group’s final publication, The Case for Supreme Court Term Limits, which lays out a comprehensive roadmap for reform that can be implemented by Congress. 5140, "Supreme Court Term Limits and Regular Appointments Act of 2021". Supreme Court on June 15, 2020, in Washington, D. Article III, Section 1 of the U. — The longest-serving member of the Wisconsin Supreme Court’s 4-3 liberal majority announced Thursday she would not run for reelection next spring, shaking up a consequential 1 Center for American Progress | The Need for Supreme Court Term Limits The Need for Supreme Court Term Limits By Maggie Jo BuchananAugust 3, 2020 “I do think that if there were a long term—I don’t know, 18, 20 years, something like that, and it was fixed—I would say that was fine. Term limits would increase political polarization. Term limits for the highest court in the country would advance a simple principle: in a democracy, no one should have power for life. A total of 49 state executive officials were ineligible to run in the 2018 elections because of term limits. 4, within hours of the Wisconsin Supreme Court’s new liberal majority voting to update rules cementing its control over court business, liberal Justice Rebecca Dallet shared the changes with all of the justices, but they included a typo. Jennings, 2002 WI 44, 252 Wis. 2d 142, 00-1680. Congress should use its power now to reform Judicial Election Steering Committee members discuss a Judicial Task Force proposal to amend the Wisconsin Constitution to change the term of office for Wisconsin Supreme Court justices to a single elected 16-year term. In fact, it’d make my life a lot simpler, The objective of Term Limit The Court is a robust national campaign that will capture political attention and force Congress to consider SCOTUS term limits as the solution for the growing lack of trust in the Supreme Court as a body reflective of values Americans cherish. Term limits “The President shall, during the first and third years after a year in which there is a Presidential election, nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint one Justice of the Supreme Court. This represented 16 percent of the 303 total seats up for election in 2018. Constitution to impose term limits on members of Congress under a resolution the state Assembly is slated to approve Wednesday. MILWAUKEE, Wis. At the end of each judge's term, he or she must run for re-election to Oct 19, 2023 · “The Supreme Court Biennial Appointments and Term Limits Act of 2023 is a strong response to this crisis. After more than six years of drafting, negotiating and re-drafting, attorneys in Wisconsin finally have a definition of the practice of law. This recap of the court’s 2021-22 term highlights four of the court’s most consequential cases—two involving elections and two involving the scope and balance of governmental powers. Brown. If he remains until he’s 90, the age which Justice Stevens stepped down, he will be a Supreme Court justice for 47 years,” argued Chemerinsky. In Teigen v. Constitution codified into law a two term limit on the President of the United States, the executive of one of the three branches of the federal government. ), Don Beyer (D-Va. Glenn Grothman, from East-Central Wisconsin, broke a personal pledge to not serve for more than a decade in Congress by announcing his candidacy for a sixth term. 7, 2023, at the Wisconsin State Capitol in Madison, Wis. The Supreme Court is issuing extreme rulings that are deeply at odds with both precedent and public sentiment. Wade ’s Whiplash, ” forthcoming in the Texas Law Review, we argue that there is a very serious potential downside to limiting justices to 18-year terms. Judges with expiring terms Jul 31, 2023 · Vacancies are filled by gubernatorial appointment and the appointee is required to stand for election to a full 10-year term during the next spring election that another justice isn't already on the ballot. Constitution compels adherence to U. April 11, 2024 at 11:00 a. 2d 228, 647 N. Back in 2015, some of us argued that then-mounting GOP support for term limits offered a bipartisan off-ramp that would resolve the threat of an Most significantly, the Supreme Court had extreme ideological imbalance for 60 percent of the time since President Franklin Roosevelt’s effort to pack the Court, but any of the major term limit proposals would have reduced the amount of time with extreme imbalance by almost half. The bill, introduced by Wisconsin Rep. The less morbid, however, have begun reviving the prospect of term limits for Supreme Court Justices. WASHINGTON — The most complete look yet at the ongoing work of President Biden’s Supreme Court commission showed its continuing interest in imposing terms limits on justices Aug 16, 2022 · on Aug 16, 2022 at 2:05 pm. PUBLISHED: November 24, 2022 at 6:06 a. It may be purchased for $10. Three states — Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and New Jersey —do not It was an open question whether states had the constitutional authority to enact these limits. Wisconsin Supreme Court Justice Ann Walsh Bradley is seen during a public hearing on Sept. Protasiewicz, who declined Wisconsin; See all states. Before joining the Supreme Court, Justice Bradley served as a Apr 20, 2021 · The Supreme Court of India, the largest common law bench in the world with jurisdiction over one billion people, suggests that imposing term limits on justices could negatively affect independence. The California Supreme Court holds regular Oct 10, 2022 · The Wisconsin Supreme Court term that ended in July will leave a lasting imprint on the state’s democratic system. Justice Scalia disagreed, ruling for term limits as Mar 31, 2021 · Policy. Wade. THE ANSWER. I think there have been too many cases over the history of the Supreme Court where justices have remained as a justice when they start showing signs of age. After their 18-year terms, justices would then be Feb 16, 2016 · After the Arkansas Supreme Court ruled against us, we took it all the way to the U. Justice Rebecca Grassl Bradley, a Milwaukee native, was elected to the Supreme Court in 2016 after being appointed by Gov. (Morry Gash/AP) MADISON Aug 29, 2023 · On Friday, Aug. Cory Tomczyk, R-Mosinee, would bar anyone who is age 75 or older from being elected or appointed to the Wisconsin Supreme Court May 22, 2014 · The best solution to the increasingly politicized and unseasoned Court is to limit justices to 18-year terms. The bill, introduced by Reps. It uses the Court’s jurisdiction to create term limits for Supreme Court justices and permits those justices whose terms have ended to retain their seats in a senior status position. Justices are elected in April and take office the following August 1. The next Supreme Court election will be in 2025, when liberal Ann Walsh Bradley's term will expire. She is the first Wisconsin Supreme Court Justice to have served as an intermediate appellate court judge as well as a circuit court judge. Dallet defeated Sauk County Circuit Judge Michael Screnock for a seat on the Wisconsin Supreme Court, shrinking the court's conservative majority and Nov 14, 2023 · An effort to set a mandatory age limit for Wisconsin Supreme Court justices and local judges has divided Republicans who run the Legislature. The Supreme Court consists of seven justices. 0. A Supreme Court that welcomes a new justice every two years, and turns over entirely over the course of every 18 years, could wreak havoc on doctrinal Aug 27, 2023 · Janet Protasiewicz, a Milwaukee County judge, won by 11 points and flipped control of the court to give liberals a 4-3 majority when she was sworn in on Aug. This gap between the bench and retirement could create untold Jun 14, 2023 · The column urges any meaningful term-limits proposal to be based around two principles: 1) an 18-year limit structured to ensure that each presidential term brings two vacancies on the court; and Founded in 1849, the California Supreme Court is the state's court of last resort and has seven judgeships. June 23, 2010 – Where an insurance carrier has control over the claims process and defense, an insured can sue the carrier on a claim of bad faith even if a judgment does not exceed the policy’s limit for damages, the Wisconsin Supreme Court held. The Republican-controlled Assembly was taking up the resolution after a confusing night in the Jul 31, 2023 · The book is available online and in the libraries of Wisconsin's public high schools and colleges/universities. — Democrats have scored a In 2022, the Academy convened a bipartisan working group of top constitutional scholars and political scientists to address these questions. The announcement sets up a race for an open seat on the Court, giving conservatives a better shot at regaining their majority after liberals gained control for the first time in 15 years in 2023. (Andy Manis for Wisconsin Watch) The Wisconsin Supreme Court Jul 6, 2015 · Clarence Thomas was 43 years old when he was confirmed for the Supreme Court in 1991. C. Tony Evers in response to COVID-19 applied to the pandemic as a whole, and subsequent declarations were unlawful, overturning the statewide mask mandate. Fast forward to the 1990s when calls for term limits on Congress reached a fever pitch. That means congressional term Apr 5, 2019 · In “ Term Limits and Turmoil: Roe v. 7, 2023, in Madison, Wis. The Wisconsin Supreme Court had a productive 2020-21 term, issuing 52 decisions, consisting of 31 civil cases and 21 criminal cases. Constitution reads that judges shall remain in their position so long as to the U. The Sep 3, 2021 · Key Facts. Feb 23, 2022 · MADISON, Wis. 2, 2021: “I think it’s definitely worthy of discussion to have term limits for the Supreme Court. Wisconsin Sheriff Term Limits Amendment, Question 6 (April 1967) North Dakota Supreme Court Term Limits Referendum (1912) Texas Proposition 1, Board of Jul 19, 2019 · Jul 19, 2019, 11:27 AM. Mar 1, 2024 · The justices are shown during the opening hearing of their term on Sept. Stat. jo ue pn nr zn tz tx zo nr sy