Reciprocal attachment questionnaire pdf

Don’t worry about the degree. Parental Attachment Questionnaire (Kenny, 1990) is a self-report Jun 1, 2001 · Otro de los cuestionarios utilizados es el desarrollado por West & Sheldon-Keller (1994, citado en Field & Sundin, 2001) "The Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (RAQ)" . The Reciprocal and Avoidant Attachment Questionnaire for adults (West and Sheldon-Keller 1992) was created to measure the quality of an individual’s most significant adult attachment relationship and provides two Feb 1, 1999 · Download full-text PDF Read full-text. Please use additional paper to answer these questions so your responses will not be limited. Este cuestionario evalúa The Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (RAQ) was developed by West and Sheldon-Keller in order to examine adult attachment style. To assess the association between several recently generated measures of adult attachment, a sample of 160 college students were administered the following 6 scales: Hazan-Shaver attachment self-report (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), Attachment Style Measure (Simpson, 1990), Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read, 1990), Attachment Style Inventory (Sperling & Berman, 1991), Reciprocal Feb 1, 2024 · The aim of this study was to obtain evidence of validity of the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ) in a sample of 331 men convicted of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW). 1- I feel open to explore and reflect on my own attachment situation right now 2- I feel people are essentially good at heart. The Adult Attachment Scale (AAS) was officially developed in 1990 but built on the earlier work of Hazen & Shaver (1987) and Levy & Davis (1988). Some of the most important and promising directions include testing additional normative processes implied by attachment theory, developing and testing critical connections between attachment theory and other major interpersonal theories, and Sep 10, 2021 · A sample of 592 Italian adult dog and/or horse owners were tested using the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (RAQ) to analyze their intra-specific relationships, while two adapted versions of This study examined the relation between attachment constructs assessed by self-report and object relations constructs assessed from narratives. (2018) Individuals with acquiring behaviors: 22. Attachment can be secure or insecure (avoidant, ambivalent, or disorganized). When using this chart as a guide, it’s important to remember that attachment styles fall on a spectrum (from low to awareness. Adoption & Fostering, 32(3), 33–45. 13 , 16 Tables 3 and. 3%, anxious; 4. Objective: Over the past 25 years, attachment research has. Adapted by Bob Cavanaugh from Hold Me Tight by Sue Johnson. ARE Questions Scaled-Relationship Questionnaire-where we are at now. Online Attachment Style Quiz. I’m not very comfortable having to Jan 1, 2011 · This study examined the relations between mother–child and father–child attachment relationships using the attachment Q-sort (AQS) and the number of reciprocated friendships of preschool Jan 1, 2001 · Abstract and Figures. The rationale for choosing different attachment instruments was to have measures which take into account different kinds of relationships. 1. Methods: The Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (RAQ) was administered to all inpatients and outpatients at a Jan 1, 2006 · Results : 1) On the self-report attachment style questionnaire, it revealed that mothers with selective mutism children had both of the secure and the dismissing-avoidant types predominantly and resistant/ambivalent attachment styles significantly more frequently than college students according to the Attachment Style Inventory (Sperling & Berman, 1991). ABSTRACT An attachment theory based perspective on the continuing bond to the Attachment stability from infancy to adulthood: Meta-analysis and dynamic modeling of development mechanisms. The Adult Attachment Projective Picture System© (AAP) is a free-response psychological assessment of adult and adolescent attachment. assessment of attachment, the Adult Attachment Interview. Mothers' attachment representations were assessed using the Adolescent Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ) and the Adolescent Unresolved Attachment Questionnaire (AUAQ). Appendix. This review is different from other reviews of adult attachment measurement [6,24,34,87,97,98] in its 25-year scope, with a focus on psychosomatic research and the tabulation of the descriptive Jan 1, 2017 · PDF | On Jan 1, 2017, Nor Ba’yah Abdul Kadir published Insecure Attachment | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Oct 1, 1998 · The Adolescent Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ), a brief questionnaire to assess attachment characteristics in adolescents, was developed and validated in a large normative sample (n = 691) and a sample of 133 adolescents in psychiatric treatment. Dec 4, 2013 · The most frequently used tools will be discussed: Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ), 29 - 35 Mother-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS), 31 , 34 , 36 - 38 Parent-to-infant Attachment Questionnaire (PAQ), 31 , 39 - 41 and MAI. The Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (West et al. The VASQ has five subscales, each of which measures a different attachment style: Secure: Scores in the secure range (40-60) indicate a secure attachment style. general agreement that attachment problems can be difficult to mend. Norberg et al. (Reverse) _____ 2. The empirical validation was accomplished through 3 studies involving a clinical group (63 outpatients) and a nonclinical group Jun 16, 2021 · To provide readers with a critical analysis of the concept of parent-child attachment. It groups people into four different categories on the basis of scores along two scales. Basic Books. It comes from environmental p sychology, and it has its roots in the Jan 1, 2022 · Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire–Adapted (RAQ-A; Nedelisky & Steele, 2009). I often experience unpredictable or sudden shifts of emotion (for example, switching from joy and happiness to fear and anger). The AAQ is a self-report questionnaire consisting of 3 scales of 3 statements each, with Likert-type responses from strongly disagree to strongly Abstract. _____ 1. The solution found in the Dutch sample corresponded to the Bartholomew and Horowitz model. Jul 1, 2023 · Finally, RP has a reciprocal effect on ULD; however, the cyclic mechanism of “the higher the urban attachment, the richer; the richer, the higher the urban attachment” does not establish. CCS 5 compulsive care-seeking scale of Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire. Similar to many other disorders, early intervention is paramount and the earlier an attachment issue is picked up, the more likelihood of interventions being successful. . 5%, unclassifiable [20]. H. Defined as an “affect-laden possession-specific bond between a person and an object or objects” (Kellett & Holden, 2014, p. Shaver's (1987) categorization of three attachment styles and the dimensional system of the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (RAQ; M. These scales can be used in large scale studies of adolescents to assist in further char-acterizing phenomena associated with various attachment organizations in adolescence. 3. The ECR was first published in 1998 by Kelly Brennan, Catherine Clark, and Phillip Shaver, the same Shaver who Sep 1, 2022 · The Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire – Adapted, is based on an interpersonal attachment measure and aims to assess attachment security, attachment patterns, and the use of object attachment relationships (Nedelisky & Steele, 2009). (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987), the Reciprocal and Avoidant Attachment Questionnaire for Adults Jan 8, 2020 · Object Attachment Questionnaire – Revised (OAQ-R) Six items from the Object Attachment Questionnaire (Grisham et al. The objective of Mar 9, 2017 · The dimensional approaches typically include two continuous dimensions labeled anxious attachment and avoidant attachment. 2%, avoidant; 11. The AAQ is a self-report questionnaire consisting of 3 scales of 3 statements each, with Likert-type responses from strongly disagree to strongly Developed the Adult Attachment Dimensions Questionnaire (AADQ). (2004). Objective: There is a wide literature suggesting abnormal mother-daughter and familial attachment patterns in individuals with eating disorders. Methods: The AAQ assesses adult attachment style in four dimensions that, together, yield four attachment categories. : +0 9812-220-7450; fax: +9821-8828-1515 E-mail address ÐÏ à¡± á> þÿ , . Attachment to possessions was a significant predictor of hoarding symptoms. Oneisasingleface-validitem Jan 1, 2011 · The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987), the Reciprocal and Avoidant Attachment Questionnaire for Adults (West & Sheldon, 1988), the Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read, 1990), the Relationship Questionnaire (Bartholomew * Mohammad Ali Besharat, Tel. Attachment. and with self-reported attachment variables. object attachment measure (RAQ-A), which modifies the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (RAQ), a well-validated measure of inter-personal attachment (West, Sheldon, & Reiffer, 1987), by substituting “belongings” for the human target referenced in RAQ items. proximity to the attachment figure). A secure base: Parent–child attachment and healthy human development. 4 provide data on the validity and reliability of the identified tools. The scale consists of 18 items scored on a 5 point likert-type scale. R. Hazan and P. Attachment formation is essential for a child’s developmental needs as it later become a basis to adult relationship formation. It seems clear from the work on attachment stability that attachment and resilience can and does change. Young adult participants (N = 65; median age 28) completed the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (West, Sheldon, &Reiffer, 1987), provided a set of i … Jun 1, 2016 · SPRINGER. 133 – 134). , anthropomorphism). Using the RAQ, they found that a high level of feared loss of the attachment figure and a low sense of a secure base were significantly related to BPD (14–15). T heories of adult attachment provide new perspectives for understanding, studying, and changing an adult's ability to form life-sustaining personal relationships. I find it relatively easy to get close to others. Following is a questionnaire designed to measure your attachment style—the way you relate to others in the context of intimate rela-tionships. Treating attachment disorders: From theory to therapy (2nd ed Oct 23, 2000 · The Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (RAQ) was administered to all inpatients and outpatients at a tertiary referral eating disorders unit over a given period of time, and to controls. Sep 1, 2016 · To measure attachment to objects, we used the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire—Adapted (RAQ-A), which consists of 38 items; 17 items in 4 subscales (feared loss, proximity seeking, secure bases and separation protest) assess ‘inanimate object attachment security’ (IOAS); 20 items in four subscales (angry withdrawal, compulsive care Jun 1, 2018 · Neave et al. , & Hartzell, Mar. Sheldon-Keller, 1992). It’s a crucial part of social and emotional development and impacts future relationships. Bowlby's (1973) work on the attachment behavioral system. However, the status of validation of the AQ remains preliminary. and intergenerational transmission risk. The PAAQ has shown good psychometric properties. The approaches were C. When I reach a certain level of intimacy, I sometimes experience unexplained fear. indicate the affectionate tie that parents develop toward their. Kerstis 2016 : Bonding reflects a process originating from the parent and directed toward the infant ; this should not be confused with attachment, which is reciprocal to the infant’s proximity-seeking . Also around Oct 19, 2023 · The Adult Attachment Scale is a self-report questionnaire that assesses adult attachment styles based on Hazan and Shaver’s (1987) pioneering research into a tool to measure attachment styles. We assessed attachment style using the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire and assessed depressive symptomatology using the Symptom Checklist-90-R. 2), object attachment is strongly associated with hoarding symptoms (Timpano & Port, 2021) and is one of the central reasons why discarding causes high item Attachment Style Questionnaire, see Table 2. The RAQ-A was adapted from the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (RAQ; West, Sheldon, & Reiffer, 1987) and has demonstrated good internal consistency in the adapted and original versions (West & Sheldon-Keller Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (RAQ; West, Sheldon, & Reiffer, 1987). Mark on the right any statement that feels somewhat or very true to you. They also were administered repeated symptom measures at 6, 14, 25, and 60 months post 427 The Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire for Adults The Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire for Adults (RAQA) [80–83] asks respondents to rate their most important attachment figure according to proximity seeking, separation protest, feared loss, availability, reliance on the attachment figure, angry withdrawal, compulsive care giving Attachment Questionnaire. mechanisms involved in the development of trauma and resilience. Angry Distress Scale. Siegel, Daniel J. Oct 1, 2000 · The AAS (Adult Attachment Scale), the ASQ (Attachment Styles Questionnaire), and the RAQ (Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire) were used to assess patterns of attachment in adulthood. The 7 scales of the AADQ relate to the aspects of a relationship formed to promote and maintain security. A central tenet of attachment theory is that a person's attachment pattern in adulthood is a reflection of his or her attachment history—-beginning with the person's earliest We highlight some of the major milestones and then propose several directions for future research. New York: Jeremy P. The questionnaire has 43 items that are rated The development and potential clinical uses of the Adult Attachment Dimensions Questionnaire is described. e. A psychometric analysis was performed Feb 1, 2020 · Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire-Adapted: Individuals with hoarding reported significantly greater emotional overinvolvement with possessions than did individuals without hoarding. Objective: Over the past 25 years, attachment research has extended beyond infant-parent bonds to examine dyadic relationships in children, adolescents, and adults. Oneisasingleface-validitem The Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire was developed to evaluate a patient’s pattern of attachment to a signi˜cant other with whom a special relationship has been shared for at least 6 months [6]. The scale was developed by decomposing the original three prototypical descriptions (Hazen & Shaver, 1987) into a series of 18 items. Mar 12, 2019 · A 40-item short form version (ASPA-SF) of the Adult Scale of Parental Attachment (ASPA; Snow et al. Four oblique factors matching the four theoretical attachment types were found in the original version of the ASQ (Hofstra et al. Jun 8, 2024 · The attachment style interview (ASI): A support-based adult assessment tool for adoption and fostering practice. Attachment has been shown to influence a wide array of biopsychosocial phenomena, including social functioning, coping, stress response, psychological well-being, health behavior, and morbidity, and has thus emerged as an important DISORGANIZED. The RAQ is a representational measure that assesses how individuals perceive their primary adult attachment relationship as it relates to the functional goal of attachment security (i. 79: 361: Correlational Nov 11, 2022 · An attachment is defined as a relationship between two people that is specific, unique, and endures through time . This questionnaire is based on the Experience in Close Relationship (ECR) questionnaire. Objective: The aim of this paper is to help clinicians better understand how erotomania. TheRAQ-Acontainsninedimensions. This is probably because the consumption crowding-out effect brought about by improving the urban housing level is stronger than the spiritual attachment questionnaire to classify adult attachments into secure, avoidant, and anxious/ambivalent clusters. Composition of Adolescent Attachment Questionnaire. According to another self-report attachment instrument, the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (RAQ; West, Sheldon, & Reiffer, 1987), the borderline group was characterized by angry In addition to the interview methodology, questionnaires have also been used by clinical researchers in assessing adult attachment. West & A. The current study used only the subscale assessing attachment security to inanimate objects (a total of 17 items). Asserting that patterns of social and asocial behavior are strategies for coping with issues of attachment, the authors demonstrate the unique merits of adult attachment theory both as a means for investigating social behavior and According to psychology: attachment can be defined as a deep and enduring emotional bond between two people, usually a mother and her child. I can direct you to a fully validated questionnaire for those interested in that as well. Request PDF | Exploring the reciprocal relationships between adolescents' perceptions of parental and peer attachment and disordered eating: A multiwave cross‐lagged panel analysis | Objective Mar 28, 2024 · A prominent characteristic of HD is the presence of a strong emotional attachment to objects (or object attachment). The RQ extends the original attachment Three-Category Measure (Hazan & Shaver, 1987) by rewording the descriptions of each of the attachment styles, and by adding a fourth style –dismissing-avoidant. Dismissing-avoidant people are characterized as avoiding intimacy Both the Primary Attachment Style Questionnaire before Age 12 (PASQ Before 12) and the Primary Attachment Style Questionnaire after 12 (PASQ After 12) consist of the same 42 items, each of which is associated with a particular attachment style: secure, secure/avoidant, secure/ambivalent, avoidant, ambivalent, or disorganized. Brisch, K. 2010. This measure has not been psychometrically validated, but examination of its items suggests that it may be Perceptions of Adult Attachment Questionnaire (PAAQ) is a 60‐item self‐report measure designed to parallel the AAI. Using a principle-based concept analysis, we clarify how parent-child attachment is understood from a multidisciplinary perspective to advance the use of this concept in nursing practice. The AAS (Adult Attachment Scale), the ASQ (Attachment Styles Questionnaire), and the RAQ (Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire) were used to assess patterns of attachment in adulthood. g. In each of the three sub-scales, three other sub-scales called trust, relationship, and alienation are measured. Two scales were completed in the first session (12 items attachment questionnaire and Argentine adaptation of Kerns’ Security Scale) and two in the second (Empathy Questionnaire for children and Prosocial Behavior toward different target). Instructions: Please read each of these items and indicate whether you agree or disagree with them using the scale provided. We surmised that this insecurity would extend to adult attachment relationships. Development and Psychopathology, 3, 413–430. The ASPA is a self-report measure that assesses individuals’ perceptions of patterns of relating based on their relationships with both mother and father figures in childhood. The chapters offer compelling examples of the AAP’s value for clinical. The third section deals with the AHQ (Attachment History Questionnaire), the IPPA (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment), and the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire. unborn baby. Adolescent Attachment Questionnaire. Results Jun 1, 2001 · This study examined the role of attachment style in adjustment to bereavement. This is an online version of the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, a test of attachment style. Midlife bereaved individuals whose spouse had died in the previous year completed the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (RAQ; West & Sheldon-Keller, 1994) and a measure assessing aspects of appraising and coping with the loss. This means that the individual is comfortable with intimacy and close attachment variables to mother, father, and peer, and finally the general attachment score would be calculated. Concept Description: Attachment is an affectionate, mutually satisfying Mar 17, 2021 · pre-natal/post-natal attachment has become commonly used to. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between two different approaches to the assessment of adult attachment. The underlying theory is founded on J. Attachment Style Questionnaire: Manual for the Swedish version. This is a self-administered questionnaire of 40 items, for which subjects Oct 23, 2000 · The Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (RAQ) was administered to all inpatients and outpatients at a tertiary referral eating disorders unit over a given period of time, and to controls. I startle or "jump" more easily than most people when approached unexpectedly. CSR 5 compulsive self-reliant scale of Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire. Unpublished master’s thesis, Umeå University. These 3 measures are considered in a single section because they all use a self-report methodology and because none is meant to capture the attachment patterns delineated by M One hundred fifty-nine adults in a cardiac rehabilitation clinic participated in a study investigating the association of attachment styles with depressive symptomatology. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to measure depression and the instrument, What Being a Parent of a New Baby is Like- The Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire (VASQ) is a test used to assess attachment style in adults. Based on research using the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire – Adapted, insecure object attachment may be especially relevant to hoarding disorder (Nedelisky & Steele, 2009; Yap & Grisham This is a 4-item questionnaire designed to measure adult attachment style. 671. Håkansson, A. Depressed cardiac rehabilitation participants of both genders reported an The instruments were administered in group form, at two different times, to avoid fatiguing the children. has University of Mississippi Reiffer, 1987) developed the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire for Adults to assess security with respect to a primary attachment figure (parent, peer, or partner) in adulthood. Around the ’80 a theoretical construct has been The Adolescent Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ), a brief questionnaire to assess attachment characteristics in adolescents, was developed and validated in a large normative sample (n = 691) and a sample of 133 adolescents in psychiatric treatment. Do whatever you want with a : fill, sign, print and send online instantly. This measure has not been psychometrically validated, but examination of its items suggests that it may be AAQ: Adult Attachment Questionnaire. Tarcher/Penguin. The seven scales of the Adult Attachment Dimensions Questionnaire relate to the aspects of a relationship formed to promote and maintain security. , 2001). Abstract. (1988). (1994), in the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ), provided five dimensions describing adult attachment: Discomfort with closeness, Confidence, Relationships as secondary, Need for participated in the study. The RAQ-A is a 38-item measure adapted from a longer measure of interpersonal attachment and was modified to instead assess OA. The results support the assessment of emotional abuse in dating relationships as a multifactorial construct Jan 17, 2024 · Attachment in psychology refers to the emotional bond between individuals, typically seen in relationships between parents and children. , & Tengström, A. Mary B. Main. Use a 7-point scale: 1= I strongly disagree to 7 = I strongly agree. Bowlby, J. þÿÿÿ Oct 1, 2010 · Abstract. Collins and Read (1990) had two aims: first, to address some criticisms of Hazan and Shaver (1987), and second, to add more nuanced questions. behavior and experience. Parenting from the Inside Out: How a Deeper Self-Understanding Can Help You Raise Children Who Thrive. , 2005). Try Now! these types of attachment may lead to a better understanding of object attachment and how it might lead to hoarding or excessive shopping behaviour. This questionnaire is a guide to find your early attachment style. relationships in children, adolescents, and adults. extended beyond infant parent bonds to examine dyadic. originates in order to facilitate treatment and make it more effective. Attachment secu- 62 The Journal of Genetic Psychology rity in preschoolers with and without externalizing problems: A replication. Items in this measure were reduced using principle axes factor analyses Measures were: The Experiences in Close Relationships Revised (ECR-R), Dependence Scale of Voice and You (VAY), Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire (RAQ), the Frequency and Distress items from the Hamilton Programme for Schizophrenia Voices Questionnaire (HPSVQ), UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Sep 10, 2016 · Adult Attachment Interview Protocol (PDF) Early Attachment and the Couple Relationship. The RAQ operationalizes the key components of reciprocal attachment, and is in close theoretical agreement with the Adult Attachment Interview. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 123-151. (2012). Couple Satisfaction Checklist. Complete a blank sample electronically to save yourself time and money. (1997). On any device & OS. No software installation. Method: Data Abstract. The ASQ assesses attachment through multiple scores Attachment was assessed using the French version of the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ), (Paquette et al. An Oct 25, 2000 · The AAS (Adult Attachment Scale), the ASQ (Attachment Styles Questionnaire), and the RAQ (Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire) were used to assess patterns of attachment in adulthood. 1987; West and Sheldon-Keller 1992) attempts to address the respondent’s capacity to function as a secure base as well as assessing his/her quality of approach each of the four attachment styles presents (in a clinical setting) within the context of adult relationships. Jan 1, 1994 · Feeney et al. Author. May 1, 2005 · An attachment theory based perspective on the continuing bond to the deceased (CB) is proposed and the value of attachment theory in specifying the normative course of CB expression and in identifying adaptive versus maladaptive variants ofCB expression based on their deviation from this normative course is outlined. Oct 27, 2018 · The Attachment Questionnaire (AQ), a clinician‐rated instrument, was developed to address these limitations. No paper. Reviewer. These items asked about attachment and how much an object is liked, how easy it Objective: Over the past 25 years, attachment research has extended beyond infant parent bonds to examine dyadic relationships in children, adolescents, and adults. A higher prevalence of insecure attachment is generally Measurement of Apr 1, 2021 · Introduction: Place attachment is multi-dimensional and depends on a reciprocal relationship between. (2016) examined this by using the Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire – Adapted (RAQ-A; Nedelisky & Steele, 2009). It is a must for any student or. Distribution of two forms of attachment insecurity (abandonment anxiety and pre-emptive avoidance) in p-ANCA positive and p-ANCA absent ulcerative colitis. (pp. The attached chart maps each attachment style to distinct defining characteristics and traits. 2005) was constructed with a focus on instrument item selection, factor structure, and psychometric properties. These scales can be used in large scale studies of adolescents to assist in further char Jun 10, 2010 · Abstract. A 133-item parenting questionnaire was completed by 1251 parents of preschool and school-age children. Sep 1, 2022 · The Reciprocal Attachment Questionnaire – Adapted, is based on an interpersonal attachment measure and aims to assess attachment security, attachment patterns, and the use of object attachment relationships (Nedelisky & Steele, 2009). Attachment style is how an individual behaves in relationships with other. Securely download your document with other editable templates, any time, with PDFfiller. 25. As such, the instrument was designed to assess both current mental states with regard to caregivers and perceptions of childhood attachment relationships. Attachment has been shown to influence a wide array of biopsychosocial phenomena, including social functioning, coping, stress response, psychological well-being, health A large US national comorbidity survey that used this purpose of this review is to describe and evaluate methods of technique found prevalence rates as follows: 59%, secure; measuring adult attachment style. The underlying theory is founded on John Bowlby's work on the attachment behavioural system. 9. 3. , 2009) were used to measure object attachment as the remainder of the scale assesses constructs other than attachment (e. The ECR was created in 1998 by Kelly Brennan, Catherine Clark and Phillip Shaver. gj pd fi dk mh aa im dt nl ng